Things To Consider Before Buying An Espresso Machine
In essence, espresso coffee is produced by forcing, under pressure, very hot water through roasted and finely ground coffee beans. Relative to other coffee-making methods, espresso usually has a thicker consistency, with a higher concentration of dissolved solids and crema (or foam). Accordingly, and as a consequence of the pressurized brewing process, the end cup of coffee contains a much higher concentration of flavours. This strong flavour base makes espresso perfect as a foundation for other coffee styles such as latte, cappuccino, macchiato, mocha and Americano. A good strong shot of espresso is ideal for iced coffee as well.
While it sounds simple, there are a myriad of other factors that can impact significantly on the quality of the final espresso. Starting of course with the type of coffee; where it is grown, how it is roasted, by what method and how finely it is ground, how much pressure is used to tamp the grinds and so on – all have an impact on flavour before you even put it in the machine!
For the purposes of this article, however, we will just look quickly at the basic types of espresso coffee machine for domestic, non-commercial use. Ideally it will provide some useful information for anybody looking to investigate espresso coffee machines.
The manual espresso machine: first developed in 1945 by Achille Gaggia, founder of the company that has become one of the world’s leading espresso machine manufacturers. This design uses a hand operated lever that drives a piston to pump pressurized hot water through the coffee grounds. These machines are not commonly seen in the home environment as they require a high degree of expertise. This machine produces exceptional coffee if everything is just right.
Semi-automatic espresso machines: use an electrically powered pump rather than manual force to deliver the hot water. In most machines the user chooses the length (time) of the pour by an activation switch, while solenoids and valves look after the water pressure. Many semi-automatic machines can be partially pre-programmed, while also giving a pre-dosing function as well. This infuses the coffee with hot water just before the actual extraction. The Gaggia Classic Coffee Machine is a fine example of a highly regarded semi-automatic coffee machine, as is its sister, the Gaggia Baby Twin. Also worth considering from another world-renowned manufacturer is the Rancilio Silvia Stainless Steel.
Automatic machines: these espresso machines control the water volume passing through the coffee and hence the brewing time. This is achieved by way of flow-meters, solenoids, valves and small control circuits that automate the whole process.
In both the semi and fully automatic machines just described, the user must still grind the coffee (or purchase pre-ground coffee, as a less-preferred option), then fill the group handle (portafilter) and tamp it with the required pressure. These simple processes actually have a significant impact on the quality of the end shot, so they are skills worth learning and practising by the home ‘barista’.
Super-automatic espresso machines: automatically grind the coffee that is dispensed from an internal hopper, tamp it, and control the length of the pour. Some models also contain an automated milk frothing and dispensing device. These automated functions are the main advantages of these machines. There is nothing for the operator to do except to keep the machine filled with with coffee beans, milk and water (if not plumbed into the mains water supply). Super-automatic espresso machines tend to take up less space than a separate espresso machine and grinder, with the added benefit of creating less mess on the bench top. The quality of the espresso produced is very consistent, as all the variables have been electronically controlled and accurately measured.
On a slightly negative note, by virtue of their complexity, super-automatic espresso machines tend to require more maintenance. The relative lack of control over the fineness of the grind and pressure of the tamp may also impact on coffee quality.
So. There are a wide range of options available in the espresso coffee machine market. For those who want to control the process of pouring the perfect shot and have the time to learn how through trial and error, the manual and semi-automatic machines are ideal. An advantage is that with these types of machines you can control the different styles of coffee produced.
The automatic machines manage the process very well without too much fuss, but the selection of coffee beans, the fineness of the grind and pressure of tamping still allow for some hands-on involvement. While finally, the super-automatic machines look after the entire coffee making procedure – allowing you to get on and do something else.
It really depends on how many shots you need at a time and how much control you want over the whole process. You should always buy the best quality machine you can afford for any given budget.